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Sikh Wedding
Pre-wedding rituals
Engagement
The bride's father takes the initiative in arranging ceremonial commitments through a mediator. Auspicious items that include coconut, chhuhare (dry dates), sugar and money are sent to the boy's family. The tilak ceremony is performed by a bhaiji or preacher from the Gurudwara who first reads a hymn by Guru Nanak, offers the groom a date and applies the tilak on his forehead, marking the engagement. Following the tilak ceremony, the groom's father sends gifts of sugar, coconut, rice, clothes, ornaments and henna to the bride.
Maiya
A custom common to Sikh wedding ceremony is maiya -confinement of the bride and groom for a few days before the marriage, where they are not allowed to leave their homes or change their clothes.
Gana
An auspicious red thread is tied to the right wrist of the groom and the left wrist of the bride. Auspicious items such as cowrie shells, an iron key chain, pearls and a small silken bundle containing sugar are suspended from the gana worn by the bride.
Vatna
A couple of days prior to the wedding vatna a scented powder consisting of barley flour, turmeric and mustard oil is applied to their bodies to be followed by a ritual bath.On the eve of the wedding, called mehndi ki raat, henna is applied on the hands and feet of the bride.
Gharoli
The morning of the wedding is marked by the gharoli ceremony at the groom's house. The groom's sister-in law accompanied by other female relatives go to a nearby well or Gurudwara to fill an earthen pitcher or gharoli with water which is later used to bath the bridegroom.
Khare Charna
The groom is made to sit on a stool for his bath and four girls hold a cloth over his head.
Choora Ceremony
The girl's maternal uncle takes her for the choora ceremony. She is made to wear a set of red and white ivory (since ivory is banned, bone or plastic are alternative) bangles that have been dipped in kachchi lassi or buttermilk. Kaleeren, ornaments which dangle golden metal plates are tied to the bride's wrist by her close female relatives. The bride now dresses up for the main ceremony.
Wedding rituals
Milni ceremony
At the groom's house a sehera or floral veil is tied to the boy's forehead by his sisters and a garland of currency notes adorn his neck. The bridegroom mounts a decorated mare while his sisters-in -law put collyrium in his eyes. On reaching the bride's house the milni ceremony is held with the seniors of both families embracing each other. Shabads are sung and the ardaas recited as the procession enters the Gurudwara breakfast is served to the guests.
Wedding
The bride and the groom sit together to attend the Guru Granth Sahib Kirtan. The groom drapes a chunni draped by the brides father one end held by groom usually pink, red or orange around his neck, the other end of which is held by the bride throughout the ceremony. The bhaiji of the Gurudwara recites the first lavan or hymns from the Guru Granth Sahib, which are then sung and the bride and groom circle the Guru Granth Sahib. The bridegroom walks ahead of the bride with a sword in his hand. When one round is over, both take their seats, bow and wait for the second lavan to start. During the fourth and final lavan, flowers are showered on the newly wedded couple. The hidaayat or niyams their duties and responsibilities towards each other as man and wife and also towards their elders is recited to them. Relatives and friends garland the newly wedded couple and the marriage ceremony concludes with a grand feast.
Post-wedding rituals
Doli
The bride changes into new clothes that are presented to her by the groom's family. As she parts from her parent's house she throws back grains of rice, thereby wishing prosperity for the family she leaves behind.
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